group had concentrations that were above 2.0 μg/ml for <50% of the dose interval, and on day 3, 18 of 31 children in the b.i.d. group and 11 of 26 children in the t.i.d. On day 1, 16 of 27 children in the b.i.d. Six children on day 1 and five children on day 3 had concentrations above 1.0 μg/ml for <50% of the dose interval. All but two children had plasma amoxicillin concentrations above 0.5 μg/ml for >50% of the dose interval on both days. After the first dose on day 3, the mean AUC was 44.1 versus 28.5 μg After the first dose on day 1, the mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for amoxicillin after the 25-mg/kg dose was 54.7 versus 24.9 μg Amoxicillin concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after the first dose on days 1 and 3. Amoxicillin was given orally at 25 mg/kg/dose b.i.d. regimen, we performed a two-group parallel study of 66 children ages 3 to 59 months with pneumonia. To compare the pharmacokinetics and levels of amoxicillin in plasma in the current WHO acute respiratory infection recommendations with the 25-mg/kg/dose b.i.d. The more frequent amoxicillin dosing may lead to compliance problems. For children with ambulatory pneumonia, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends oral amoxicillin (15 mg/kg of body weight/dose) thrice daily (t.i.d.) or oral cotrimoxazole (4 mg of trimethoprim/kg/dose) twice daily (b.i.d.).
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